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Company Description
Total SA a French societe anonyme incorporated on March 28, 1924, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, is the fourth publicly- traded integrated oil and gas Company in the world, based on market capitalization. With operations in more than 130 countries, TOTAL engages in all aspects of the petroleum industry, including upstream operations and downstream operations. TOTAL also produces base chemicals, cholorochemicals, intermediates, performance polymers and specialty chemicals for the industrial and consumer markets. TOTAL began its upstream operations in the Middle East in 1924. Since that time, the Group has grown and expanded its operations worldwide. In early 1999 the Group acquired control of PetroFina S.A. and in early 2000, the Group acquired control of Elf Aquitaine S.A. The Company currently owns 99.5% of Elf Aquitaine shares and, since early 2002, 100% of PetroFina shares. The Group, which operated under the name TotalFina from June 1999 to March 2000, and then under the name TotalFinaElf, since May 2003, operates once again under the name TOTAL. The Company operates in three segments: Upstream, Downstream, and Chemicals. The Upstream segment engages in exploration and production activities, as well as natural gas transportation and storage, liquefied natural gas and power, trading of liquefied petroleum gas, and coal operations. In 2005, this segment conducted exploration and production activities in 41 countries and produced oil or gas in 29 countries. The Downstream segment engages in refining, marketing, trading, and shipping petroleum products. It offers fuel oils and heating oils, motor gasoline, avgas and jet fuel, kerosene and diesel fuel, petrochemical feedstock, special fluids, butane and propane, greases, bitumens, and liquefied petroleum gas. The Chemicals segment offers petrochemicals, fertilizers, specialties, elastomer processing, vinyl products, industrial chemicals, and performance products. Its products are used in automobile, transportation, packaging, construction, sports and leisure, health and beauty care, water treatment, paper, electronics, and agriculture industries. TOTAL’s exploration and production activities are conducted in many different countries and are therefore subject to a range of legislation and regulations. At December 31, 2005, TOTAL employed 112,877 people.
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In the past two years, the development of the LPG vehicle solution to the automotive fuel exhaust in urban air pollution has become a hot topic in major cities. LPG vehicles are good for the development of the country, society. First, to accelerate the development of the gas car, we must solve the vehicle to facilitate the gas supply problems. Vehicle must be made of gas supply, as easy as car fuel. A LPG vehicle is one that runs on Liquefied Petroleum Gas and is sometimes called Autogas.
“Stations” for gas injection gas vehicle to know the world is common and is also the current gas supply of gas in the car the easiest and most advanced way of a gas supply, this point has been on everyone's accepted: however, the construction of filling stations to be a safe distance from the fire and limit the overall planning of urban construction constraints on major cities in the urban construction of the status quo, not to mention into a rational distribution, to meet the needs of gas filling the car being enough. The construction of filling stations can not form a network, and can not solve the gas supply problem.
In order to solve problems such as gas stations, the current state departments are developing “auto-LPG filling stations,” making design, and construction standards. But building these stations will not solve all the problems. This is because:
1. Liquefied petroleum gas, after all, is an inflammable, explosive, and dangerous, so it's filling and storage must be a safe distance from other buildings, and meet other safety conditions and requirements
2. Major cities in the transformation of urban construction have been almost completed, in the end they have already been turned into a city-building infrastructure, and its degree of difficulty can well be imagined. As a result, even if the gas stations with new designs, construction rules introduced, to improve gas station building, and the formation of a reasonable distribution network, it is still a very long way away.
Faced with this situation, there are two options: One is to wait for filling out the design of building norms, a perfect place to build filling stations, and gradually restricted to vehicles used in the implementation of the gas conversion plant. Another proposal, advanced from the gas stations is, step by step in improving the construction of filling stations. The problem, such as gas stations to be formed after the gas supply network, and then come back on the gas, such as gas stations. The key question here is to solve problem of the cylinder motor and the cylinder valve closed connection, to achieve national standards for the installation of fixed strength and sealing requirements. To ensure that the use of security, and the replacement of the cylinders can operate short, fast, and at the same time meet the needs of the filling operation.
Works Cited:
Horst Bauer, ed. (1996). Automotive Handbook (4th ed.). Stuttgart: Robert Bosch GmbH
http://www.lpgautogas.com.au/
http://www.ilovesponge.com/spongecars/diesel/dieseltechnical.htm
http://www.worldlpgas.com/gain
Francis Cantrell